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Admiral of the Fleet Matthew Aylmer, 1st Baron Aylmer (ca. 1650 – 18 August 1720) was an Irish Royal Navy officer. He was one of the captains who sent a letter to Prince William of Orange, who had just landed at Torbay, assuring the Prince of the captains' support; the Prince's response ultimately led to the Royal Navy switching allegiance to the Prince and the Glorious Revolution of November 1688. Aylmer saw action at the Battle of Bantry Bay in May 1689, at the Battle of Beachy Head in July 1690 and again at the Battle of Barfleur in May 1692 during the Nine Years' War. Aylmer became Commander-in-Chief of the Navy on 12 November 1709. However, when Aylmer met a French squadron and convoy, he was only able to capture one merchantman and the 56-gun ''Superbe'': the new Harley Ministry used this failure as an excuse to remove him as Commander-in-Chief and did so a few months later. Following the accession of George I and the appointment of the Townshend Ministry, Aylmer was reappointed Commander-in-Chief on 5 November 1714. He was also appointed Governor of Greenwich Hospital: in this post he founded the Royal Hospital School for the sons of seamen. ==Early career== Born the second son of Sir Christopher Aylmer and Margaret Aylmer (née Plunkett), Aylmer served briefly in the Army and then joined the Royal Navy as a midshipman in the galley HMS ''Charles'' in October 1677 before being promoted to lieutenant in April 1678.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Aylmer, Matthew, first Baron Aylmer )〕 Promoted to commander on 19 January 1679, he became commanding officer of the sloop HMS ''Chatham'' and then transferred to the command of the prize ship HMS ''Date Tree'' in Summer 1679. He transferred again to the command of the fire ship HMS ''Castle'' in the Mediterranean Fleet later in the year, to the command of the fifth-rate HMS ''Swann'' on the Coast of Ireland in July 1680 and to the command of the fourth-rate HMS ''Tiger'' in the Mediterranean Fleet in January 1682, before becoming commanding officer of the galley HMS ''Charles'' in September 1685.〔 Aylmer was a young officer of the “courtier type” who benefited from the patronage of the Duke of Buckingham.〔Corbet, p. 413〕 Promoted to captain on 1 October 1688, Aylmer was given command of the fourth-rate HMS ''Swallow'' in the Thames; he was one of the captains who sent a letter to Prince William of Orange, who had just landed at Torbay, assuring the Prince of the captains' support. Indeed he was perhaps the chief of the cabal.〔Powley, p. 68〕 Aylmer followed up the letter with a visit to the Prince's headquarters and arranged that Lieutenant George Byng and Captain Anthony Hastings should accompany him during the visit.〔Powley, p. 146〕 The Prince's warm response to the captains ultimately led to the Royal Navy switching allegiance to the Prince and the Glorious Revolution of November 1688.〔 Aylmer transferred to the command of the third-rate HMS ''Mary'' in December 1688 and was present at the French victory at the Battle of Bantry Bay in May 1689 at an early stage of the Nine Years' War.〔 His brother George Aylmer was killed during the battle.〔Harris p. 111-113〕 Aylmer transferred again, this time to the command of the second-rate HMS ''Royal Katherine'' in Spring 1690 and was present at the French victory at Battle of Beachy Head in July 1690. He transferred to the command of the third-rate HMS ''Monck'' in the North Sea in Summer 1691 and then took command of the first-rate HMS ''London'' in Spring 1692. As Second Captain to Admiral Edward Russell, he saw action again at the tactically indecisive Battle of Barfleur in May 1692.〔 As a captain, Aylmer was quite deferential to his Spanish partners during the War. Samuel Pepys believed that Aylmer should have been hanged for his habit of dipping his colours to Spanish Admirals.〔Marshall, p. 4〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Matthew Aylmer, 1st Baron Aylmer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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